Stephanie Page*, Anthony Ramnauth, Madhavi Tippani, Erik Nelson, Heena Divecha, Elizabeth Pattie, Thomas Hyde, Leonardo Collado Torres, Kristen Maynard, Stephanie Hicks, Keri Martinowich Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, United Statesīackground: The three-layered archicortex of the hippocampal formation (hippocampus) has unique patterns of gene expression, morphology, physiology, and connectivity that developmentally change across the lifespan. Keywords: Late-life Depression, Alzheimer’s Disease, Extracellular Vesicles, Inflammatory Markers, Neurodegeneration This mechanism can contribute to the crosstalk between brain cells and the periphery as a window to directly evaluate the molecular pathology of LLD and AD. Overlapping the protein evaluation in the exosomes from LLD and AD individuals, 14 proteins were common for both disorders, 15 were exclusive in LLD exosomes, and none of the proteins evaluated were exclusive in the exosomes of AD participants.Ĭonclusions: These preliminary conclusions reinforce the importance of the exosomes in cellular communication, and the common biomarkers shared in LLD and AD. CXCL2, GDNF, NF-light, GFAP, DR3, and IL-4 receptor levels in the exosomes increased compared to plasma, showing a cell-specific driving response via exosomes. Twelve proteins were identified only in the plasma sample, and 5 only in the exosomes. There was an overlap in the production of 32 proteins when comparing plasma and exosome evaluation. Next, we evaluate 49 pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurodegenerative protein levels in total exosomes and plasma samples. For ADE, the opposite was demonstrated in AD Patients, with 2 times more ADE than CT and LLD. Results: Individuals with LLD presented lower levels of NDE and ADE compared to controls. We used the kit vFC™ vesicle flow cytometry for counting and sizing vesicles. The sample was collected and stored at -80☌. After the psychiatric evaluation, the blood was collected and centrifuged to obtain the plasma-free platelet. Methods: Therefore, 46 LLD subjects, 25 AD patients, and 34 healthy elderly controls were recruited, matched by age and gender. The aim of this project is to characterize biosignatures in NDEs and ADEs (cell-specific) and plasma (non-cell-specific), creating a molecular profile for LLD and AD. There are no studies in the literature comparing NDEs and ADEs in those two neuropsychiatric illnesses until the present moment. Therefore, the signature of the exosomes could share common pathways and molecules between LLD and AD. In addition, LLD is multifactorial and could be a prodromal state associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, frontal, temporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VD). While studies have advanced in AD, the role of exosomes in LLD is poorly investigated. The NDEs and ADEs role is a new research field and an intricate pathway involving the crosstalk between the CNS, the neuroendocrine, and the immune systems. The exosomes are considered cell-specific vesicles, and the evaluation of their content can provide detailed information about the biological changes of specific cell types than the evaluation of whole plasma content.Įxosomes from brain cells, such as neuron- (NDEs) and astrocytes-derived exosomes (ADEs), can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and be identified in the periphery. The most studied vesicle is the exosome, ranging from 30 to 150 nm. The EVs can be divided into three groups based on size. In addition, brain cells, such as neurons and astrocytes, release EVs that can be extracted from plasma samples. EVs can be released from cells under various conditions, including chronic inflammation and stress, demonstrating significant age-dependent differences in their pro-inflammatory profile. EVs are nano-sized vesicles, have specific membrane proteins, and contain nucleic acid (microRNA) and protein cargo. One important mechanism linking inflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers with specific cellular activation and communication is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Erica Vieira*, Etienne Sibille, Sanjeev Kumar, Ana Paula Mendes-Silva, Madison Bak, Tarek Rajji, Breno Diniz Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canadaīackground: Chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration are well-characterized pathogenic factors in depression and dementia, especially late-life depression and Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD), and a potential therapeutic target for treatment.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |